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History: Transformation of Paris
In 1848 Paris saw a second
revolution, which brought down the recently restored monarchy. In the
uncertainties that followed, Napoleon's nephew assumed power in the same
was as his uncle before him - by a coup d'état. He proclaimed himself
Napoleon III in 1851. Under his rule Paris was transformed into the most
magnificient city and created a well-ordered, well-ventilated capital within a
geometrical grid of avenues and boulevards. Neighbourings districts
such as Auteuil were annexed, creating the suburb. - Place de l'Etoile:
The new scheme for the center of Paris included redesigning the area at one end
of the Champs Elysées (Elysian fields). Haussmann created a star
of 12 broad avenues around the new Arc of Triomphe. - Bois de Boulogne:
Given to the city in 1852 by Napoleon III, this park became a
popular place for walking and riding. - Boulevard des
Italiens: This tree-lined avenue, was one of the most fashionable of the new
boulevards. - Baron Haussmann:
Lawyer by training and civil servant by profession, Georges Eugène Haussmann
(1809-91) was appointed Prefect of the Seine by Napoleon III. For 17th
years he was in charge of urban planning. With the best architects and engineers
of the day, he planned a new city, improved the water supply and sewerage, and
created beautiful parks.
Napoleon III
